Showing posts with label how. Show all posts
Showing posts with label how. Show all posts

Tuesday, December 17, 2013

How to Build a Simple Power supply Circuit Diagram

To day i share this post how to Build a simple power-supply circuit diagram lets start . This simple power supply circuit diagram delivers plus and minus 9 V to replace two 9-V batteries. The rectifier circuit is actually two separate full-wave rectifiers fed from the secondary of the transformer. One full-wave rectifier is composed of diodes D1 and D2, which develop +9 V, and the other is composed of D3 and D4, which develop -9 V. 

Each .diode from every pair rectifies 6.3 Vac, half the secondary voltage, and charges the associated filter capacitor to the peak value of the ac waveform, 6.3 x 1.414 ~ 8.9 V. Each diode should have a PIV, Peak Inverse `Voltage, rating that is at least twice the peak voltage from the transformer, 2 x 8.9 ~ 18 V. The 1N4001 has a PIV of 50 V. I hope you are enjoy this circuit.

Simple Power supply Circuit Diagram

Simple Power supply Circuit Diagram


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Monday, August 12, 2013

How to Build a 2 to 4 Wire Audio Converter

This audio converter circuit maintains 40 dB of isolation between the two halves of entry and exit of a four-line son, while allowing a line connecting two son. A balancing potentiometer, R, adjusts the gain of zero lC2to crossing the inlet to the outlet .

The adjustment is done in terms of work just after installation by inserting a 1 kHz tone at the entrance of four son and setting R to the minimum output signal 82-ohm dummy-load resistor is placed between two wire terminals .

 2 to 4 Wire Audio Converter Circuit Diagram

How to Build a 2 to 4 Wire Audio Converter

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Saturday, August 10, 2013

How to Manufacture Automobile Electronic Parts and Earn a Handsome Income


To set up an auto electrical manufacturing unit, its important to have a thorough knowledge regarding the various technicalities associated with the field. The article makes a comprehensive approach and explains all the issues related to the subject. We begin with the basic raw materials and man power required for the intended installations and further proceed with the list of electronic parts that can be manufactured and sold in the relevant markets. The products that are included for the production are flasher buzzers, piezo buzzers, CDI units, musical horns, auto testing machine etc. How these can be made is also explained through discrete articles, linked in the sections.


Among most electronic products, the ones which are associated with automobiles are probably the largest selling types and are always in demand. Manufacturing these items and selling is surely a lucrative business. Here we discuss the procedures in details.

Today one thing that’s common with all of us is that we all want to earn money. However, with the population that’s ever growing, all sources of earning money have been captured, resulting in a cut-throat competition in every field. It’s feasible to make a way out from this intense competition only if you can manage an area where you are the master, and are able to create a monopoly.
The auto market today has become huge and with tremendous opportunities, but also it’s flooded with some tough competitors. Since vehicles cannot work without electricity and other associated electronic accessories, the products related to these have cropped up extensively and you can find a whole range of all sorts of electronic products, some of which are mandatorily used while some are just for decoration purposes. Whatever may be the seriousness of the application, electronic products have become today an integral part with all types of vehicles.
Thus, auto electronics is probably one such field where you can expect some good money, provided you are equipped with all the know-how required for the initial manufacturing set ups.
In this article we are going to discus the technical aspects required for setting up an auto electronic manufacturing plant for TWO-WHEELERS and THREE-WHEELERS, small though. However here we won’t discuss the legal procedures involved, like acquiring VAT number, CST number etc.
The following steps provide some crucial data regarding earning money by manufacturing auto electrical products:


What Electronic Products can be Manufactured for the Two-Wheeler Auto Market?

There are probably a host of them which you can choose from, or rather go for the entire range. Supplying or keeping the whole range will provide you with a better chance of fairing among the many vying vendors.
The items commonly associated with two/three wheelers are the side indicators, CDI units, rectifiers, buzzers, melody maker horn, etc.
To begin a manufacturing plant for producing the above auto electrical items, you would first want to acquire a space with a descent area; preferably a 20 by 40 sq ft will be ideal and sufficient to begin with.
You would also require fixing some furniture in the form of a long narrow table closely attached to the longer wall and a few number of chairs that can be accommodated. This set up is required for implementing the production process by lining up the workers so that the assemblies can be done in the most efficient manner.
The workers who would be responsible for assembling the electronic parts will need important and useful tools like the soldering iron, wire nipper, wire stripper, soldering paste, thinner etc. so all these must be procured in required numbers.
The engineers may require more sophisticated tools like multitester, desolder pump/wik, magnifying glass, power supply etc. along with the above mentioned tools. Procure all of these as per the requirements.
We are assuming that the workers required for carrying out the procedures would be appropriately employed, so we are not discussing how they can be contacted and interviewed etc.
After the initial set ups as discussed above are done, it’s time to select the items and chalk out the procedures plans. It would include the following points:
There should be at least one product that has the potentials to run through out the year, under all odds. Make it the base of your company’s production line.
  As an example you may select the buzzer unit, as it’s the easiest to assemble, finish, and sell, moreover the concerned raw materials are easily available. However this product may carry pretty low profit margins and you would need to sell tons of them to actually witness any significant income, but can be rest assured a steady flow of income through out the season.
The circuit of an electronic buzzer is discussed  HERE, it’s the simplest in design and widely used all across the world for automobile applications, especially in conjunction with side turn signal or flasher units.
The next type of selected product would be the one which sells like “hot cake” in the market, has reasonably less competition and has the potentials of providing fairly high profit margins.
You can assess the product and insist the engineers to do improvements in the form of cost cutting or adding new features into the product, so that it can stand out from the rest of the brands. This will give you an edge while introducing your product in the market.
A flasher with buzzer is one such item which satisfies the above conditions, I have already published an improved and low cost flasher buzzer circuit in Bright Hub – You can check it out  HERE.
  CDI units are another indispensable auto part which can be manufactured and sold with good profit margins. You can find it in Bright Hub, just type the relevant words in the given in-site Google search box.


You can refer this article to know how to make a two-three wheeler CDI circuit.
Having discussed the manufacturing process, testing these circuits for accuracy and reliability can become a crucial issue. A suitable auto part testing machine therefore becomes imperative, without which the whole set up may fail or jeopardize.
If you inquire about such a universal auto part testing machine, you would probably get it at very high costs. In Pune (India), Teckson Electronics has the monopoly of manufacturing these machines, and they charge an awful Rs.12000/- for each of them.
I investigated the mechanism and developed my own version at less than Rs. 600/- which is more efficient, and more reliable than the above unit. The complete design will be comprehensively discussed in one of my forthcoming articles.
That’s all what may be basically required and concludes the fundamental technical procedures involved with setting up an electronic auto part manufacturing unit.





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Wednesday, August 7, 2013

How to Build Toxic Gas Detector and Alarm Circuit with TGS813

The danger always exists, when the fuel gases such as propane or gas are confined to a small area. The alarm of toxic gases figs. 1-45 utilizes a tin-oxide-semiconductor. A coil of thin wire heated by a battery 12 V via IC1 and IC2, which pulses the voltage to the coil of the sensor, saving a significant amount of energy. Diode Zener Dl provides a constant voltage to the filament coil sensor. resistance of the sensor reduces the sensor is exposed to toxic gases such as hydrogen, carbon

Carbon monoxide and propane. To reduce the resistance of the sensor, the SCR gate voltage increases. When the gate threshold voltage is reached, the SCR fires and a buzzer alarm is activated. Once activated, the bell and the switch S1 should be used to reset the alarm. Since the sensor has a good deal of thermal inertia, S1 must be off or open for about three or four minutes after the initial activation, allowing the sensor to stabilize, thus avoiding false alarms. R7 sensitivity control set to the desired value, before the activation of SCR.

How to Build Toxic Gas Detector and Alarm Circuit with TGS813

The toxic gas alarm is sensitive to less than 100 ppm of carbon monoxide. This alarm is useful for simple gas boats, sheds and cabins. You could save a life. Some of the companies listed in the Appendix to offer plans and kits for various toxic gas sensors.

Part List
Part Description
C1 0,01-MFD, 25-V capacitor (disc)
1 9-V zener diode D1 (NTE139A)
1 D2 4-V diode zener (NTE5068A)
1 SCR D3 (NTE5408)
1 Q1 Transistor 2N2222
U1 1 CD4013 CMOS flip-flop
1 U2 CD4049 CMOS Inverter Hex
1 siren piezo BUZ 6-9V
1 S1-TGS203 toxic gas sensor (Figaro or equivalent)

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